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- ========================================================================
- GPower for Macintosh, Version 2.0.2 June 1995
- ========================================================================
-
- Contents of this document:
-
- (1) Installation and registration
-
- (2) What GPower does and how it works
-
- (3) How to get GPower (i.e., where to check for future updates and
- versions for other platforms)
-
- (4) Address for correspondence
-
- (5) Disclaimer
-
-
- A more detailed description of the program and its background will be available
- soon in printed form:
-
- Erdfelder, E., Faul, F. & Buchner, A. (in press). GPower: A general power
- analysis program. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers.
-
- Write to the authors if you are interested in receiving a preprint of this
- article.
-
- ========================================================================
- (1) Installation and registration
- ========================================================================
-
- GPower should run on any 68K Macintosh using System 6.0.7 or higher.
- It has also been tested successfully on some PowerMacintosh models
- where it runs in emulation mode.
-
- No special installation procedure is necessary to use GPower. Simply
- copy the program to your harddisk. If your Macintosh is equipped with
- an arithmetic coprocessor, you should use GPower/FPU, otherwise you
- MUST use GPower (GPower/FPU is much faster but it will not run on
- machines without FPU). Also, on PowerMacs you must use GPower because
- Apple’s 68k emulation does not support the FPU.
-
- GPower is free. You may to give the program to friends and colleagues
- who might find it useful. Note that there is an MS-DOS version of
- GPower, so if your friends and colleagues use that platform, they can
- also work with GPower if they like (see Section (3) of this file for
- the FTP site to check for updates and the MS-DOS version of GPower).
-
- We encourage you to let us know your complete address (including your
- e-mail address if possible) and the version of GPower you use. Please
- find our address in Section (4) below. As a registered user, you will
- be informed about future program revisions. Your personal data will be
- used for this purpose only.
-
- We also ask you to report any errors or problems encountered with
- GPower to the address mentioned in Section (4) of this file.
-
- What follows is a brief description of the program (it takes no more
- than five minutes to read it).
-
-
-
- ========================================================================
- (2) What it does and how it works
- ========================================================================
-
- GPower performs high-precision statistical power analyses for the most
- common statistical tests in behavioral research, that is, t-, F-, and
- Chi2-tests. The power values obtained by “accuracy mode” calculations
- of GPower are correct up to five significant digits at least. Although
- available for taking a quick look at a problem, we do not encourage
- “speed mode” calculations because they are less accurate.
-
- GPower computes
-
- (a) power values for given sample sizes, effect sizes and alpha-levels
- (post hoc power analyses);
-
- (b) sample sizes for given effect sizes, alpha-levels, and power values
- (a priori power analyses);
-
- (c) alpha- and beta-values for given sample sizes, effect sizes and
- beta/alpha-ratios (compromise power analyses).
-
- It also displays graphically the relation between any two of the
- relevant variables.
-
-
- ----------------------- The “Analysis window” -----------------------
-
- The “Analysis window” is used to specify the information necessary for
- a particular power analysis, and it displays the results of the last
- analysis.
-
- Click “Calculate” to perform a single analysis for the Type of Power
- Analysis, the Type of Test, and the parameters you specified.
-
- Click “Calc ES” (where ES is d, r, f, f2, or w, depending on the type
- of test currently selected) to open a dialog in which you can specify
- the values necessary to calculate the effect size for your power
- analysis from empirical data (e.g., from published studies).
-
- Click “Draw graph” to open a dialog in which you can specify the values
- necessary to display one parameter (e.g., the power) as a function of
- another parameter (e.g., the total sample size) over a range of values
- (e.g., from 20 to 220 subjects) in the “Graph window”.
-
- If the “Graph window” is already open, you can simply double-click this
- window to open the dialog in which you can specify the graph
- parameters.
-
-
- ------------------------- The “Graph window” -------------------------
-
- The “Graph window” can be used to display one parameter (e.g., the
- power) as a function of another parameter (e.g., the total sample size)
- over a range of values (e.g., from 20 to 220 subjects).
-
- The header of the graph always specifies the type of test, and the
- fixed values. The note below the graph tells you what calculation mode
- you used. Default is “Accuracy mode” which is very accurate (up to five
- significant digits at least) but the price is that you will usually
- have to wait a little longer until you see a result. “Speed mode”
- calculations are fast but they may not be very accurate (particularly
- for ‘extreme’ values). If you selected “Speed mode”, do not trust the
- results too much!
-
- You can copy the graph using “Copy graph” from the “Edit” menu and
- paste it into your word processor or drawing program documents for
- saving or editing the graph information. Inside GPower you cannot edit
- or save a graph.
-
- The scaling of the axes in the “Graph window” depends on the size of
- the window, so re-sizing the window may have the effect of a more
- fine-grained scaling.
-
- If the “Protocol (table)” option in the “Graph dialog” is on, a table
- of the values used to plot the graph is written to the Result window.
- This table can be imported into your favorite graphics package, either
- via the clipboard or by saving the table as a GPower file (see below).
-
-
- ------------------------- The “Result window” -------------------------
-
- If the “Result window” is open, all parameters of all power analyses
- performed in the “Analysis window” are recorded here.
-
- The “Result window” is fully editable (using the commands from the Edit
- menu). You can either copy the values you need to the clipboard, or you
- can save the entire information of the “Result window” to a GPower
- file using the Save or Save as commands from the File menu.
-
- Double-clicking such a file launches GPower and opens the file so you
- can record more analyses in it. However, because GPower files are of
- type TEXT, they may also be opened from inside your favorite word
- processor or graphics package.
-
-
-
- ========================================================================
- (3) How to get GPower
- ========================================================================
-
- The most convenient way to get a copy of GPower is to download the
- program from the public FTP server at the University of Trier,
- Germany. This is where you should check for updates and future
- releases, and for versions for other platforms of GPower. However,
- we will also try to make available updates and future releases of the
- Macintosh version on an info-mac archive near you.
-
- 1. Open the FTP session: FTP ftp.uni-trier.de
-
- 2. Log on: user anonymous
-
- 3. Enter the password: Your e-mail address.
-
- 4. Set the file type to binary (omitting to set the file type properly
- is a frequent error!) binary
-
- 5. Change directory:
-
- (a) if you want the MS-DOS-version of GPower:
-
- cd /pub/pc/msdos-local
-
- (b) if you want the MACINTOSH-version of GPower:
-
- cd /pub/mac/local
-
- 6. Start downloading (make sure to type the file names exactly as indicated
- below, this procedure is case-sensitive):
-
- (a) if you want the MS-DOS-version of GPower:
-
- get gpower2i.exe (international version) or
- get gpower2d.exe (German version)
-
- (b) if you want the MACINTOSH-version of GPower:
-
- get gpower2.sit
-
- 7. Finish the FTP session: quit
-
- 8. Convert the compressed file to a standard DOS- or MACINTOSH-file:
-
- (a) DOS-version (self-extracting archive): gpower2i.exe (international
- version) or gpower2d.exe (German version). This will create a
- subdirectory GPOWER in your current working directory which will
- contain all necessary files.
-
- (b) MACINTOSH-version: Open the file gpower2.sit from a version of
- StuffIt or use the Stuffit Expander.
-
-
- ========================================================================
- (4) Address for correspondence
- ========================================================================
-
- Please report bugs and suggestions to improve the program to:
-
- Axel Buchner
- FB I - Psychologie
- Universität Trier
- Universitätsring 15
- D-54286
- Trier Germany
-
- E-mail: buchner@cogpsy.uni-trier.de
-
-
-
- ========================================================================
- (5) Disclaimer
- ========================================================================
-
- We hereby disclaim all warranties relating to this software, whether
- expressed or implied, including without limitation any implied
- warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. We
- will not be liable for any special, incidental, consequential, indirect
- or similar damages due to loss of data or any other reason, even if we
- or agents of ours have been advised of the possibility of such damages.
- In no event shall we be liable for any damages, regardless of the form
- of the claim. The person using the software bears all risk as to the
- quality and performance of the software.
-